Research Article

Zain Ali, Muhammad Anas Habib, Muhammad Ali

Published on : June 2025 | Volume : 2 Issue : 1

Abstract :

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals and remains endemic in many developing countries. It is transmitted through direct animal contact or consumption of raw animal products. Farmers and veterinarians are at higher risk due to occupational exposure. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) play a key role in preventing disease transmission. This study aimed to assess KAP regarding brucellosis among veterinarians and animal owners in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected districts. Participants included veterinarians and pet animal owners. A structured questionnaire was used, consisting of both closed and open-ended questions. A total of 300 individuals were approached, and 277 completed the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were generated, and group differences were tested at p < 0.05. Results showed that most respondents recognized brucellosis as a zoonotic disease and identified abortion as the main clinical sign. Vaccination was reported as the most effective preventive measure. However, only 39% of participants demonstrated high knowledge, while 61% had low knowledge. Females, younger respondents, and veterinarians showed higher knowledge levels. Attitudes toward disease prevention were generally positive, with 86% expressing favourable views. Vaccination, reporting, and safe handling practices were widely supported. Animal owners and older participants reported more negative attitudes compared to veterinarians and younger respondents. Practices were poor despite awareness. Only 12.6% demonstrated good practices, while 87.4% showed poor preventive behaviour. Use of protective clothing and quarantine measures was inconsistent. Natural breeding and raw milk consumption were common. Males reported better practices than females, while profession had little effect. The comparison of KAP revealed a strong association between knowledge and attitudes, but a weak link between knowledge and practices. In conclusion, veterinarians and animal owners showed knowledge gaps, positive attitudes, but poor preventive practices. Awareness did not consistently translate into safe behavior. Targeted training and practical interventions are needed to improve brucellosis control and reduce transmission risks.