Research Article
Impact of Chronic Illnesses on Pain Perception, Coping Strategies, and Daily Life Performance in Women with Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Observational Study in Pakistan
Waqas Akram, Inshaal Khalid, Maha Khalid, Khurram Javaid, Syed Umer Farooq Bukhari, Sayad Tariq Ullah Shah, Anoosha Naseer, Usama Ali, Ali Nasir
Published on : December 2024 | Volume : 1 Issue : 2
Abstract :
Dysmenorrhea is a common gynaecological disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is primarily characterized by painful menstrual cramps. This condition worsens if chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension etc. is present. Chronic illnesses increase levels of inflammation and decreases the individual’s pain threshold. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between chronic illnesses, dysmenorrhea severity, coping mechanisms and daily life performance in Pakistani women. A total of 351 females (aged 18–50 years) diagnosed with dysmenorrhea were included in a prospective observational study. The status of chronic illnesses was used to compare pain levels, coping mechanisms and daily life performances. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results revealed that women with chronic illnesses mentioned having more severe pain (79%) than women without chronic conditions (69%). In all, pain onset was earlier in participants with chronic illnesses and later in those without, but those without chronic illnesses did more often report pain from the first period (p < 0.05). Coping mechanisms such as exercise and medication were less effective when offered to the chronic illnesses group. Participants with chronic illnesses were limited to daily activities such as ‘climbing stairs, walking and carrying groceries, much more so than those without.’ Chronic illnesses also had a greater effect work performance; 88% of people with chronic illnesses were limited in their work or activities, versus 76% without. The chronic illnesses group had more emotional problems, such as anxiety and stress, and they all affected life performance. The results of this study highlight the impact of chronic illnesses and dysmenorrhea on women’s health. Improved quality of life and overall functionality in people with both conditions requires integrated medical, psychological and lifestyle interventions.